2.3.2 Protein Chips The basic principle of a protein chip is the same as that of a DNA chip, but it utilizes the specificity of binding of an antibody to an antigen, ie, an immune response. The protein chip uses protein instead of DNA as a detection target, and it is closer to the material level of life activities than a DNA chip, and therefore has a more direct application prospect than a DNA chip. In terms of the human genome, obtaining the sequence is only the first, and the more difficult task is to collect, sort, search, and analyze the information of the proteins expressed in the sequence and their structure and function, so as to fully interpret proteins that dominate the chemical reactions in the human body. The function of these proteins and their relationship to each other and the principle they cause disease. Protein chips will play an increasingly important role as an efficient tool to detect the presence and movement of proteins. The chip lab is the highest stage in the development of biochip technology. It is a highly integrated, portable bioanalysis system that combines sample preparation, gene amplification, nucleic acid labeling, and detection. The required equipment, assays, assays, and displays are all completed on a single chip. The cumbersome and inaccurate automation of the bioanalytical process, its continuation, and its miniaturization are extremely inexpensive and very convenient to use. Gene chip production methods mainly include two methods: tablet synthesis method and spotting method. The principle of on-chip synthesis (in situ synthesis) is to directly polymerize the desired probe molecules at each site according to a pre-designed lattice sequence. After the polymerization, the production of the chip base is finished. Synthetic methods mainly include the following: optical deprotection parallel synthesis method; photo-resist layer parallel synthesis method; microfluidic channel synthesis method in the sheet; molecular seal synthesis method in the sheet; jet printing synthesis method. 2.4.2 Spotting method The synthesis in the spotting method is performed using a conventional DNA solid phase synthesis instrument, but after synthesis, it is coated on a nitrocellulose membrane, a nylon membrane or a slide glass with a relatively high density using a special automated micro-spotting device. The support should be subjected to a specific treatment in advance, such as coating with positively charged polylysine or aminosilane, so that the oligonucleotide molecule can be strongly bound. This method is currently used by most small and medium-sized companies. Advantages: cheap equipment, simple technology, short development cycle, high flexibility. Disadvantages: Low lattice density. As mentioned earlier, biochips have some of the inherent characteristics of silicon chips that enable data acquisition, detection, and processing. In the packaging field, it can be used to detect and intelligently package information on specific signals for packaging and merchandise. 3.1 Detecting Microorganisms in Packages When studying the shelf life of packages and the quality of packaged goods, the micro-organisms in the package are an important test target, and it is often necessary to detect the characteristics and content of specific microorganisms. Using the gene chip can easily and quickly detect these data. The gene probe methodology utilizes the characteristics of DNA denaturation and reannealing. To make a gene probe, the DNA sequence of the gene studied must be clear. This gene may be unique to a particular species of microorganism, in which case this sequence of DNA facilitates the detection of that organism. This gene may even be universal for all bacteria, making it possible to detect all known bacteria. By means of colony hybridization or transfer, genetic probes can also be used to detect specific gene sequences in bacterial colonies that grow on plates with mixed bacterial populations. For colony hybridization, a piece of filter is gently pressed against the plate, allowing the cells of each bacterial colony to adhere to the filter. The cells are lysed directly on the filter and the DNA is immobilized on the filter. The filter is then probed and detected as described above. After this procedure, only those colonies containing specific DNA sequences have radioactive signals. Because the original plate contains all the complete colonies, the desired colonies can be identified and retained for further study.
2.3.3 Lab Lab
2.4 Gene chip production method
2.4.1 On-chip synthesis
3 Application of Biochip Technology in Packaging
Application of Biochip Technology in Packaging (3)