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The common technology of sporting goods and its research progress in China Wang Xianliang, Zhang Ruilin, Wang Xiaofang (School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China): Based on the analysis of the concept and role of common technology in sporting goods, the common technology of sporting goods in China was studied. Development history, development status and development trend. In order to promote the independent innovation of the sports industry and the in-depth development of the sports industry management system, research on the common technology classification, theoretical system, organization and management, supply and demand mechanism, innovation model, and extension mechanism should be strengthened. Fund Project: Ministry of Education's "New Century Excellent Talent Support Program" funded project (NCET-08-0342) The common technology of sporting goods is the application of industrial common technology in the sporting goods industry. It is capable of influencing the production of a variety of sports materials and the manufacture of products. , process improvement and other technologies that have commonality and commonality. The common technology of sporting goods is one of the most cutting-edge research achievements in the field of sports management and sports industry, reflecting the current trends in the deepening of China's sports management system and independent innovation in the sports industry. | 1-51. This research will analyze common technologies in sporting goods. On the basis of concepts and functions, the development history, development status, and future development trend of research on the common technology of sporting goods in China will be reviewed. 1 The concept and role of common technologies for sporting goods 1.1 The concept of common technologies for sporting goods The definition of common technology was first proposed in the ATP (Advanced Technology Program) promulgated by the United States in 1988, that is, “a product that may be applied to a wide range of products or processes. An in-depth survey of concepts, components or processes, or scientific phenomena.†161 The Japanese Institute of Industrial Technology (AIST) also proposed the concept of generic technologies, “basic research in standardization, measurement, and standardization technologies.†171 Domestic scholars have also studied the concept of generic technology. For example, Ma Mingjie 181 puts forward: “Common technology is a technology that can be widely used in one or more industries and is in the pre-competitive stage.†Common technology for sports equipment Zhang Ruilin 131 puts forward: "The common technology of sports equipment is an important basic technology in the field of sporting goods. It is based on the trend of automation, digitization, and personalized development of sports equipment. It conforms to the laws of sports and plays a key role in the sports equipment industry. Group of advanced, collection of technologies and capabilities with greater user value "Combining domestic and foreign researches on common technology of industry and common technology of sporting goods, we believe that the common technology of sporting goods has three characteristics: 1) It belongs to basic technology. The common technology of sporting goods lies between basic science and applied technology, and it is the establishment of sports. The standard technical foundation of supplies; 2) reflects the development trend of sporting goods, that is, the development trend of automation, digitization, and personalization; 3) a wide range of influence, and has a key supporting role for the entire sporting goods industry or a certain type of sporting goods. The common technology of sporting goods belongs to the common technology in the cross-cutting fields of industry. It is necessary to apply common technologies such as “integral molding†in processing and manufacturing, and to apply common technologies such as “material modification†in the material industry, and to reflect the human body in sports. Laws and multi-industries have formed a unique research field dominated by sporting goods. 1.2 The role of common technology in sports products The important way of independent innovation in sports industry. China is a major producer of sporting goods, accounting for more than 65% of the world's share of sporting goods production. 91. Among them, the comparative advantage of raw materials and labor costs is an important reason why China has become the world's sporting goods manufacturing center. However, at present, the sporting goods industry in China is facing severe challenges. The advantages of processing and manufacturing are gradually being lost and transferred to countries such as Southeast Asia. The task of optimizing and upgrading the industrial structure is arduous. The introduction of common technologies for sporting goods clearly defines the basic status of generic technology and urges the government to undertake the common technology research and development work that companies are reluctant to engage in due to the long research and development cycle and low efficiency, and provide the necessary technical support conditions for independent innovation in the sporting goods industry. Clear the feasible path for independent innovation in the sporting goods industry. Based on the common technology research and development and application, the company focuses on the research and development of application technology and proprietary technology. It not only improves the enthusiasm of independent innovation of sporting goods companies, but also enhances the efficiency of independent innovation. Deepening effective means of sports industry management system. The research and application of common technologies for sporting goods provides a viable means for deepening the system of sports industry management. On the one hand, research on common technologies for sporting goods provides the basic tools for standardization, provides technical conditions for the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of sporting goods industry standards, and provides effective management for sports industry management; on the other hand, it promotes research and development of generic technologies. The application has become an important function of the government and industry associations. Doing a good job in common technology can advance the definition of government functions, the reform of industry associations, and the market supervision work, so as to further deepen and specificize the management of the sports industry. 2 Development of Common Technologies for Sports Products 2.1 Background of Research on Common Technologies Under the background of knowledge economy and economic globalization, innovation and progress in science and technology have become important guarantees for economic development and economic security. How to promote technological innovation and diffusion It has become an important part of the national development strategy. China has also formulated a development strategy for the construction of an innovative country, and announced the implementation of the "National Medium and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" to support and promote basic scientific research such as industrial commonality technology to address energy consumption. Large, serious environmental pollution, weak corporate innovation capabilities, and other key issues that limit the ability of sustainable development, so as to enhance the ability of independent innovation of enterprises, consolidate the core competitiveness of enterprises, and build a world-renowned brand. 2.2 The rise of industrial common technology R&D During the period of 1990*2004, the U.S. government invested about 2.3 billion U.S. dollars in funding and funded 768 common technology R&D and application projects. 21. China represented by the Development Research Center of the State Council and Tsinghua University A group of scholars have conducted a lot of research on industrial common technologies and have initially established the basic theoretical system of concept, classification, system supply, etc. of industrial common technologies. 21. As a result, industrial common technologies have played an important role in promoting technological innovation and economic development. The role and successful experience, with the deep research, the focus of scholars from the macro industrial common technology research gradually to a single industry, sub-industry and even a certain type of product depth, sporting goods common technology research also put on The schedule. 2.3 The development of common technologies for sporting goods conforms to the development trend of generic technology segmentation. The common technology research and development in the sporting goods industry is also emerging abroad and is embodied in two forms: First, R&D institutions consisting of companies, universities, etc., such as Adidas. The most common representative of ball and other common technologies researched between the company and Nike and Loughborough University is the development of common round technologies such as ball roundness, water absorption, and rebound performance formed by football *EUROPASS*; The main purpose of the individual sports association organization is to lead the research and development of common technologies. Its main purpose is to monitor the sports equipment of the association. For example, the International Gymnastics Federation has designated two testing institutes for gymnastics equipment, the University of Freiburg, Germany and the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. The main task of the monitoring agency is to study the gymnastics equipment standards and conduct tests. The basis is the common technology of gymnastics equipment. 41. With the relative weakening of raw materials and labor costs, China's sporting goods manufacturing industry is facing industries. The arduous task of upgrading and restructuring. Among them, to change the current status of the development of the sporting goods industry, it is urgent to carry out technological innovations, and the important foundation for technological innovation is the common technology research and development. In January 2011, the National Sporting Goods Engineering Research Center was approved to be established by the Taishan Sports Industry Group. This engineering center is positioned as a common technology research and development and promotion agency for sporting goods, which also marks the official opening of the research and promotion of common technologies for sporting goods in China. 3 Development status and trends of common technologies for sporting goods 3. Research on common technology classification of sporting goods 1) Research status of generic technology classification for sporting goods. Li Jizhen 151 divides the common technology into the inter-industry common technology and the intra-industry common technology according to the scope of the common technology; according to the different content of innovation, it is divided into the product common technology and the process common technology; according to the time period, it is divided into prior Common technology and afterwards common technology. Based on the importance of industrial common technology, Ma Mingjie 1101 divided it into general common technology, basic common technology and key common technology. According to different standards, industrial common technology can have different ways of classification, but the purpose of classification is very clear, that is, in order to meet the needs of common technology research and development and proliferation. Zhang Ruilin 131 conducted a research on the common technology classification of sports equipment, and classified the common technology of sports equipment into general common technology, generic group technology, and specific product common technology. General common technology is automation, digitization, and individuation common technology; group common technology is divided into motion speed bearing type, pad type protective equipment type, support sports equipment type, attached body equipment type, removable mobile adjustment equipment type according to equipment properties. Indoor fitness equipment, real-time monitoring equipment, flight equipment, rebound equipment 9 categories. The classification of sports equipment is divided into general, group, and specific product common technologies according to levels, divided into three general generic technologies according to development trends, and nine groups according to equipment attributes. 2) Trends in the common technology classification of sporting goods. The common technology of sporting goods can be classified according to both vertical and horizontal systems. Vertically, strategic common technology and applied common technology can be divided. Strategic common technology is the application of common technology guidance. Applying common technology is a logical continuation of strategic common technology. The strategic common technology of sporting goods is the automation, digitization, and individuation common technology that reflects the development trend of sporting goods. The application common technology of sporting goods is divided into the common technology of competitive sports to enhance sports performance and the common technology of national fitness to enhance fitness effects. Horizontally, based on the variety of characteristics of sporting goods, on the first level, the common technology of sporting goods can be divided into common technologies for sports equipment (such as common technologies for different types of sports equipment) and sportswear common technologies (such as breathable and sweat-absorbent technologies). Common technologies for sports shoes and hats (such as common technologies such as lightness, elasticity, comfort, etc.), and common technologies for specific products of different types on the second level, such as common technologies for sports bike manufacturing technology and ball manufacturing technology, However, the common technology for different types of products does not refer to the proprietary technology for manufacturing a certain product, but it is a technology that has a common guiding role for all types of products with different uses. This classification also adapts to the tendency of common technology research and development to gradually develop towards sub-industries, single-category products, and industry standards. 3.2 The theoretical system for commonality of sporting goods The time for researching common technologies for sporting goods is relatively short, and the level of R&D and diffusion applications is relatively low. It is still in the primary development stage. Retrieving existing research results, industrial common technology research is relatively mature, and the theoretical system is continuously improving; and the only common technical field of sports products is Zhang Ruilin’s research on the common technical connotation, characteristics, function, structure, classification, content, and technology system of sports equipment. . Whether it is the common technology of sporting goods or the theoretical system that guides the research and application of common technologies for sporting goods, it is still incomplete. The theoretical system for the research on the common technologies of sporting goods is the foundation for common technology research and development and application and promotion. It is improved from concept, classification, content, nature, value, technology system and other aspects to form a complete theoretical system of common technologies for sporting goods. The focus and development trend of common technology research in sporting goods. The establishment and improvement of the theoretical system of common technologies for sporting goods can, on the one hand, attract the attention of governments, the public, industry associations, and enterprises to common technologies, increase investment and support, and provide favorable social conditions for the development and application of generic technologies. On the other hand, it provides theoretical guidance for the research and development and application of common technologies, provides for the organization and management of generic technologies, and improves the efficiency and effectiveness of common technology research and development and application. 3.3 Research on commonality technology supply and demand of sporting goods The common technology of sporting goods has the nature of public goods. Through the research on the supply and demand of common technologies for sporting goods, it can effectively guarantee the supply of common technologies under the precondition of clarifying the common technical requirements for sporting goods, and promote the use of sporting goods. Industry technology upgrading plays an important role in promoting. At present, for the sporting goods industry, the demand for common technologies is inevitable, but the demand mechanism and supply mechanism for common technology of sporting goods are not yet clear. With the development of common technologies for sporting goods, research on supply and demand mechanisms will gradually become scholars. Focus of attention. The study of the supply and demand of industry common technology, the domestic scholar Zhou Guolin 1111 thinks: “The demand mechanism of industrial common technology comes from: driven by local economic and political interests, the demand for the development of strategic alliances of industrial organizations, the demand for industrial cluster innovation, and the scale of enterprises in industrial clusters. The demand for development: In the supply of generic technologies, the government should formulate and improve industrial common technical policies, and plan and guide common industrial technologies so as to ensure the supply of common technologies. The supply and demand mechanism of industrial common technologies is relatively clear, and for sports In terms of the supplies industry, the development of the sports industry has not received extensive attention from local governments. Industrial organizations such as sports industry organization alliances and sports industry clusters are not yet mature. The demand mechanism and supply mechanism of common technologies for sporting goods need further study. Through the research on the common supply and demand mechanism of sporting goods, the contents, categories and characteristics of common technical requirements for sporting goods are identified, and the main body and supply methods of common technologies for sporting goods are identified, so as to scientifically plan and guide the demand and supply of common technologies for sporting goods. 3.4 Common Technologies of Sporting Goods Organization Management Management Research Organization management is an important area of ​​industrial common technology research. Common technical organization management has achieved certain results in innovation organization, promotion organization, and platform construction. The sporting goods industry covers a wide range of industries such as machinery, clothing, shoes and hats, and covers a wide range of areas. The common management and application of sporting goods is relatively complex. However, the current research in this area is still blank. In the common management of sporting goods organizations, government issues, system supply, platform construction, and common technology project management are the main areas for future research. First, the government should play a role in the organization and management of common technologies for sporting goods, how to effectively mobilize the market's enthusiasm, form the atmosphere of support of the whole society, promote the development of common technology and independent innovation, and second, the research and development of common technologies for sporting goods. It is a continuous process, how to use effective system design to effectively guarantee the research and development and promotion of common technologies for sporting goods and establish a dynamic mechanism for sustainable development. Third, the experiences of developed countries such as the United States and Britain show that the research and development of common technologies needs to be established. Excellent platform, China has begun to try in the field of sporting goods, but how to set up a common technology platform for sporting goods and effective supervision still needs research and solution. Fourth, in the organization and management of common technology for sporting goods, project management in the form of project approval, research, evaluation, and closing is an effective management method, but the decision-making, planning, organization, implementation, and control of common technical items for sporting goods are required. Further research is clear. 3.5 The common mode of technological innovation in sporting goods The innovative mode of research is based on grasping the laws of general technological innovation, and the overall design of common technological innovation process, innovation organization, etc. The research on the industrial common technology innovation model has clarified the main body of innovation, the emergence of innovation networks and the operating characteristics of the innovation system, and has designed a common innovation model, which has effectively promoted the innovation of common technologies. 121. Although the sports field involves innovations in sports training and sports teaching, etc. The study of the model, but the lack of research on common technology innovation models of sporting goods. The common technology innovation has a self-contained system. How to organize R&D and diffusion applications of common technologies for sporting goods in order to achieve independent innovation in the sporting goods industry will require in-depth research on innovative modes of common technologies. The research of common technology innovation model should be based on the classification of common technology of sporting goods, and research and design innovative models of common technologies of sporting goods. For example, according to the innovation model formed on the basis of the classification of the importance of industrial common technology, that is, “the key common technology adopts the national special scientific and technological planning model, the basic common technology can adopt the national research institute (center) model, and general common technology can be used. Adopting the model of a joint innovation organization." 131. 3.6 Common technologies for sporting goods Research on common technologies in industry This paper presents different concepts such as diffusion, transfer, promotion, and application of common technologies, as well as the connotation, process, characteristics, and motivation of common technology promotion. The basic model has been extensively studied and a systemic theory system has been formed. 141. However, the research on the promotion mechanism of common technologies in sporting goods is in a blank state, and there is a lack of relevant research and theoretical results. The common technology research and development aims to apply the results to the sporting goods industry and produce high-tech sports products. Therefore, the research and development of common technologies for sporting goods is of equal importance. Through the promotion and application of common technologies, the first is to give play to the basic and sharing functions of common technologies for sporting goods, to serve the upgrade of the sporting goods industry, to achieve a virtuous cycle of “research and development, application, and research and developmentâ€; second, to promote the use of generic technologies. Test the practicality of common technologies and find defects in the process of testing to promote the improvement of common technologies. Industrial common technology occupies an important position in the national innovation strategy. The research and application of common technologies for sporting goods is also an important approach for independent innovation and industrial upgrading of the sporting goods industry. It is important for promoting the independent innovation of the sports industry and the deep development of the sports industry management system. significance. The research on the common technology of sporting goods has just started. Many research fields need to be expanded and deepened. The common technology classification of sporting goods still needs further in-depth and detailedization. The theoretical system of common technologies for sporting goods needs to be constructed and improved. The common technical requirements for sporting goods and The supply mechanism needs to be further clarified, and the research on organizational management issues such as government role, institutional supply, platform construction, and project management needs to be strengthened. The common technology innovation process of sporting goods, innovation organizations, etc. need to be divided into categories to design innovative models, and the diffusion of common technologies for sporting goods should be applied. The mechanism needs further research and analysis.
The common technology of sporting goods and its research progress in our country
The common technology of sporting goods and its research progress in China Date:2015-11-12 13:09