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What are the pseudo-methods of classical furniture?
As the pinnacle of Chinese classical furniture, Ming and Qing dynasty pieces have become highly sought-after treasures among collectors due to their exquisite craftsmanship, deep cultural significance, and great appreciation potential. However, like other historical artifacts, these antique pieces are also subject to forgery, with counterfeit techniques becoming increasingly advanced. Despite this, there are often telltale signs that reveal a piece as fake if one knows where to look.
One of the most common methods used by forgers is to create artificial signs of use on newly made furniture. This involves soaking the wood in rice water or tea, then placing it outdoors in mud to expose it to sun and rain. After several months, the wood grain may crack, the paint may peel, and the surface will take on a dark, aged appearance, mimicking centuries of wear. However, authentic aging marks from Chaimu (a traditional Chinese term for aged wood) are usually no more than an inch in size, while fakes tend to be larger and more exaggerated.
For frequently used items such as tables or cabinets, counterfeiters might use steel balls to simulate wear on the surface, then apply wax or polish to create a false patina. These imitations often feel sticky and have an artificial scent, unlike the smooth, cool, and natural feel of genuine aged wood. Some forgers even use old materials, such as worm-eaten drawers or mouse-bitten sections, to add authenticity to their fakes. In extreme cases, they may even breed insects specifically to damage the wood and create a realistic aged effect.
Another method involves assembling furniture from different parts of genuine antique pieces. For example, a single ancient piece might be disassembled, copied, and then mixed with new components to create a seemingly authentic set. A common trick is to convert a canopy bed into an arhat bed or a chair into a pair of chairs, rebranding them as rare antiques. This not only deceives buyers but also destroys valuable historical artifacts in the process.
When evaluating Ming and Qing furniture, it’s essential to consider multiple factors such as material, age, condition, and craftsmanship. Relying on a single characteristic can lead to incorrect conclusions. The type of wood used is a key indicator—materials like rosewood, sandalwood, and mahogany are commonly associated with high-quality antique furniture. Experienced collectors can often identify the wood by its grain, weight, and hardness.
The style and design of the furniture also play a crucial role. Certain patterns and decorative elements are unique to specific periods, and recognizing these can help determine the age of a piece. However, some forgers alter original designs to make their fakes appear older or more valuable. For instance, they may remove carvings or decorations from genuine pieces to pass them off as earlier works.
Smell is another useful tool in identifying real antiques. Genuine aged wood often has a subtle, earthy aroma, while fake pieces may emit a strong chemical smell from paints or synthetic finishes. Checking underneath the panels is also important, as some fakes are painted black on the underside to hide their true nature. If you see a panel that looks too clean or uniform, it's worth questioning its authenticity.
In conclusion, while the art of forging antique furniture continues to evolve, careful observation and knowledge of historical details can help distinguish real pieces from fakes. Collectors should always approach antique furniture with caution and seek expert opinions when necessary.