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What are the pseudo-methods of classical furniture?
As the pinnacle of Chinese classical furniture, Ming and Qing dynasty furniture has become a highly sought-after treasure among collectors due to its exquisite craftsmanship, deep cultural significance, and immense appreciation potential. However, like many other cultural relics, ancient furniture is also subject to forgery, and the methods used to create fakes have become increasingly sophisticated. While some pieces may appear authentic at first glance, there are often telltale signs that reveal their true nature if you know what to look for.
**How to Identify Old Wood Furniture**
There are two primary techniques used in the creation of fake wood furniture: simulating wear and tear, and assembling pieces from different antique components. These methods are designed to mimic the appearance of genuine historical items, but with careful observation, the differences can be detected.
One common method involves applying rice or tea water to newly made furniture and then placing it outdoors on muddy ground for exposure to sun and rain. After several cycles over a couple of months, the wood grain begins to crack, paint peels, and the color darkens, giving the illusion of age. However, the stains on real Chaimu (a type of traditional Chinese furniture) are usually no more than an inch wide, while fakes tend to show exaggerated, unnatural marks.
For frequently used items like tables and cabinets, counterfeiters often use steel balls to rub the surface, creating wear marks. They might also burn cup imprints into the wood or carve shallow scratches to simulate long-term use. To enhance the appearance, some use wax or even shoe polish to create a false patina. But unlike naturally aged patina, which feels smooth and cool to the touch, artificial ones tend to feel sticky and have an odd chemical smell.
Some forgers go as far as using damaged parts—such as holes bitten by mice or worm-eaten drawers—to add authenticity to their fake pieces. In extreme cases, they even raise mites specifically to infest the furniture and create a realistic aged effect.
Another common technique is to take apart original antique pieces, reproduce some parts, and mix them with new components to create a seemingly old set. For example, a canopy bed might be disassembled, and its base reused to make an Arhat bed, while the upper part is replaced with a new design. This method is particularly deceptive and can lead to the loss or destruction of original artifacts.
**How to Distinguish Between Ming and Qing Furniture**
When evaluating a piece of Ming or Qing dynasty furniture, it's essential to consider multiple factors such as material, age, condition, and craftsmanship. Relying on a single aspect can lead to inaccurate conclusions.
First, the material can be identified by examining the grain, texture, and weight. Common woods used in traditional Chinese furniture include rosewood, mahogany, sandalwood, and teak. Each has distinct characteristics that experienced collectors can recognize. The hardness and density of the wood can also help determine its origin.
Age is another critical factor. Understanding the stylistic evolution of Ming and Qing furniture helps in estimating the time period. Certain patterns, carvings, and construction techniques are unique to specific eras. However, some forgers alter original designs to make pieces appear older, so it’s important to compare with known authentic examples.
In addition to visual inspection, the scent of the furniture can provide clues. Authentic antique wood often carries a subtle, aged aroma, while fakes may have a strong chemical odor from modern finishes. Checking under the panels is also crucial, as some fakes are painted black to hide the fact that they're new.
Overall, identifying genuine Ming and Qing furniture requires both knowledge and experience. It's a delicate balance between art and science, where attention to detail can mean the difference between a valuable heirloom and a cleverly crafted imitation.