【哈工大】Extensible mechanical practical teaching aids and real-time display system

Expandable Mechanical Teaching Aids with Real-Time Display System

This system is composed of two main parts: the mechanical teaching aid itself and the real-time display system. The mechanical teaching aid is designed to demonstrate key concepts in mechanical engineering, such as connecting rods, cams, gears, and gear trains. Each component is creatively connected, and a small triggering mechanism is placed in the center to guide the movement of a rolling ball along a cleverly designed path. While the mechanism is running, it also plays soft sound effects, providing both visual and auditory feedback. The design ensures that all components operate smoothly at an appropriate scale. Using SolidWorks, we simulate and design the entire mechanism before selecting suitable materials and assembling the parts by hand to complete the flat display mechanism.

The second part of the teaching aid focuses on various mechanisms taught in mechanical courses. Each mechanism is given a specific movement trajectory, allowing their combined motion to form words. For example, the most complex word “Love” in “Love China” is demonstrated. The system includes 11 different mechanisms for forming strokes, all driven by a single power source. A shifting mechanism has been designed to allow individual control over each mechanism’s movement, making the system highly flexible for educational use.

In the real-time display system, a two-dimensional platform is used to hold a camera. The camera captures images and sends them wirelessly to a local network via Wi-Fi. The upper computer receives this data, processes the image using a visual algorithm, and then sends the information back to the lower system to control the platform's movement. This allows the system to track and follow the movements of the mechanical components in real time. Additionally, the video can be viewed on mobile devices, enabling students to observe the details of each mechanism’s motion remotely.

On the upper computer, teachers can individually demonstrate specific mechanisms through buttons and adjust the speed of operation, helping to control the pace of the class effectively. This makes the system not only interactive but also adaptable to different teaching styles and needs.

Mechanical Design Concept and Description:

The overall structure consists of a flat display mechanism and a three-dimensional display mechanism. The three-dimensional display is activated by the flat mechanism to create a full-motion display of the entire system. The design incorporates common mechanisms found in mechanical courses, such as four-bar linkages, crank-rocker mechanisms, cam mechanisms, planetary gear systems, spur gears, and bevel gears. These are used to visually explain and present the functions of each mechanism clearly.

Specific Design Plan:

The goal of this teaching aid is to demonstrate the mechanisms taught in mechanical courses. To reflect the identity of the school, the design integrates a sports theme, creating a unique "HIT" style. One of the biggest challenges was connecting multiple mechanisms and achieving a three-dimensional display effect. The flat display mechanism uses a manually driven planetary gear to rotate, which drives a bevel gear to change the direction of motion. This activates an incomplete gear for intermittent transmission, guiding a ball into a tube. The ball is then lifted by a cam and sent into the shape of the letter "T." After passing through "T," the ball moves through a bevel gear-driven system into the "I" tube, where a timing belt controls its path. A gap triggers a gear meshing mechanism, which guides the ball into the right half of the "H" letter. As the ball falls, it triggers the horizontal domino of the "H," activating a ball mechanism that engages a ratchet, lifting a flag via a pulley. A stroke switch then triggers the incomplete gear again. Finally, a rocket tower, representing the school's aerospace focus, is opened using a rack and pinion mechanism, symbolizing a rocket launch into the three-dimensional display section.

Control Circuit Design:

The system uses the STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller, operating at 72 MHz. The hardware includes three stepper motor drivers, one servo motor driver, one TP-Link router, three stepper motors, and one servo motor. The host computer is programmed using LabVIEW software, while the web interface is developed using the router-specific editor.

Wireless Communication Design:

The system communicates via a serial port protocol between the STM32 microcontroller and the TP-Link router, ensuring stable and fast communication. The router connects to both PCs and mobile devices, supporting multiple users simultaneously. The web-based interface allows users to access the system directly through a browser without needing to install any additional software. This approach enhances security and simplifies access. LabVIEW is used to develop the PC interface, taking advantage of its powerful visualization and server architecture features. Teachers can control the mechanisms and process the camera feed, as well as modify the webpage content directly through LabVIEW, giving them full control over what students see on their mobile devices.

[Complete Unit] College of Mechanical Engineering Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Center, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology

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