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Food Chemistry Textbook-2-Material Structure
The main objectives of this chapter are as follows: First, develop a basic understanding of the behavior of electrons outside the nucleus, including key concepts such as wave functions and probability distributions. Second, gain a solid grasp of the physical significance and rules governing the four quantum numbers—principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin. Third, study the energy levels of single-electron systems like hydrogen, as well as multi-electron atoms, and master the principles that govern how electrons are arranged in different orbitals. Fourth, learn to use spectroscopic notation, such as s, p, d, and f, to describe electron configurations. Fifth, explore the relationship between electron configuration and the periodic trends observed in the elements. Finally, examine how atomic properties such as atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity vary periodically across the periodic table. This chapter aims to provide a foundational understanding of atomic structure and its connection to the periodic system, helping you build a strong base for further studies in chemistry.