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The design of the package form depends on the form of the packaged product, the product transport method and other factors. The form and structure of the package are mutually restricted, and the different package shapes correspond to different material utilization rates. A reasonable shape can effectively reduce The use of materials, these shapes mainly include spherical, cubic and cylindrical.
The surface area of ​​the spherical body is the smallest with the same volume of various geometric bodies. In other words, the sphere is the best choice when we need to wrap the most items with minimal surface material. According to this principle, the geometric package that is first considered in the packaging design should be a sphere, which can save raw materials to the maximum extent. Examples of spheres used in merchandise packaging are numerous, such as spherical wine bottles, perfume bottles, and the like.
Square packages have mainly rectangular and cuboidal shapes, and this also has the problem of the smallest surface area. In the case of the same volume, the surface area of ​​the cuboid is larger than the surface area of ​​the cube, which means that in the square packaging structure, the cube structure should be the first choice. For example, taking cigarette packaging as an example, its packaging is a typical square package. This ten-box cigarette package has become commonplace, but after careful analysis, we can find improvements. This kind of cigarette packaging has been used for decades. 27.5 cm in length and 5 cm in width. If the length is reduced to 12.5 cm and the width is 11 cm (height is 9 cm), then the surface area of ​​the packaging material needs to be 349 cm2, and the area of ​​packaging material required for the original packaging design is 430 In cm2, the area difference between the two is 81 cm2. Compared with the two, the improved package will save 23.2% of the material, and the economic benefit is very obvious.
Since the spherical packaging is not easy to place during storage and transportation, in many occasions, the cylindrical packaging structure similar to the spherical one becomes a compromise choice, such as various oil drums, paint buckets, beverage cans, and the like. The factors that determine the consumption of cylindrical packaging materials are the radius and height of the cylinder. Calculations show that when the height of a cylinder is 2 times the radius, its surface area is minimal, that is, when the height of the cylinder is equal to the diameter, the material is saved the most.
3.3 Starting from material optimization and material saving
Plate blanking is a practical problem for many companies. A reasonable set of different specifications and different numbers of parts can improve material utilization. In the process of cutting and separating large blocks of packaging materials into small pieces of material, different combinations of materials make use of the process, and the results are quite different. This is actually the best problem of blanking. A reasonable sheet blanking combination can achieve maximum material utilization.
In the actual production, there are tens of thousands of sorts of combinations for different specifications of parts. It is often time-consuming and labor-intensive to find the best material-saving scheme manually. With the development of computer hardware and software technology, it has become effective. Software to solve the problem of reasonable set of various sheet materials. This type of software is easy to operate. Simply input the raw material specifications and the size and quantity of various parts, you can get an optimized feeding plan, and then display and print out the process plan list and the complete set of blanking process drawings.
3.4. Avoid excessive packaging. Over packaging refers to packaging that exceeds the functional requirements of the product packaging. The over-packing of deluxe mooncakes, health supplements, and certain medicines, as well as deceptive packaging, is typically overpackaging. At present, this over-packaging phenomenon is very serious in the gifts, health care products and food industries. This waste of serious luxury packaging is opposed to the green packaging. In order to avoid over-packaging, we can start with the following measures: .
(1) Reduce the number of packages used. Save resources on the premise of meeting the packaging function. The method can be summarized as two kinds, that is, controlling the number of product packaging containers and using batch packaging instead of individual packaging.
Cosmetics and toothpaste can be displayed directly on the shelf by the use of an enlarged bottle cap, which eliminates the need for outside paper shell packaging, which is an example of the number of control unit product packaging containers. In addition, it is also possible to appropriately increase the additional wall layers of the packaging container so as to avoid the use of fillers; the use of large containers instead of small containers makes it possible to reduce the consumption of the packaging when packaging the same number of articles.
The use of bulk packaging instead of individual packaging, or the direct delivery of goods to the use site is another way to reduce the amount of packaging used. Bulk cement is a typical example. According to statistics, for every 10,000 tons of bulk cement sold, 60 tons of bag paper can be saved, 330 cubic meters of wood for papermaking, 70,000 tons of electricity, 111.5 tons of coal, and 500 tons of cement loss. The overall economic benefits are very significant.
(2) Minimize the use of materials. To minimize the use of materials while meeting general packaging functions and appearance requirements. The example of cigarette packaging has given persuasive and specific data. There are many benefits to reducing the use of materials. The first and most direct is to reduce the cost of raw materials and processing and manufacturing costs, and to reduce the cost of handling and transportation. It further reduces the cost of recycling and disposal after packaging is discarded. Many foods are outside the exquisite packaging box. A layer of plastic film is added outside the packaging box. From the perspective of green packaging, this film is not necessary to complete the packaging function of the product, and after opening the packaging, this layer The plastic film became rubbish and was thrown away.
(3) Choose suitable quality packaging materials. Under the conditions that meet the general packaging function and appearance requirements, you should avoid using unnecessary high-quality packaging materials and abandon the luxury. For example, in the case where the corrugated board satisfies the requirements, the use of high-grade paperboard such as plain cardboard to make the outer-packed cardboard box is avoided as much as possible. Because the quality and properties of paper have a lot to do with raw materials, high-quality paper uses wood with long fibers, few heterocells, and low ash content as the pulp material, while low-quality paper uses straw or waste paper as the raw material for pulp. of.
3.5, through the rational packaging structure design, to avoid arbitrary disposal of packaging, avoid the use of different materials composed of multilayer packaging, in order to reduce the separation of different material packaging. For example, bottle bodies of beverage bottles can often be effectively recycled, and bottle caps are often discarded by people and cannot be recycled. In response to this problem, the manufacturer of the beverage bottle has improved the structural design of the bottle, ensuring that after the bottle cap is opened, there is still a pull ring connected to the bottle body, thus avoiding the bottle cap being randomly discarded.
3.6 When designing product packaging, it is necessary to consider the recycling of packaging as much as possible to reduce the difficulty of recycling. For example, British ICI Synthetic Chemicals uses a microorganism called Alcaligences eutrophus, an "ecological polymer" produced by the fermentation of glucose and propionic acid. The polymer can be melted, injected, and recycled. The performance is very similar to that of petroleum-based plastics. Moreover, it can be completely decomposed into carbon dioxide after disposal.
3.7. In the obvious place of packaging materials, various recycling marks and material names are marked. The complete recycling mark and material name will greatly reduce the time required for manual separation of different materials, and increase the purity of the separation, which greatly facilitates the recycling and utilization of packaging materials. In the WEEE Directive of the European Union, the same requirements are imposed on electromechanical products.
4 Conclusion
Green packaging is an environmental protection technology revolution in the packaging industry and an inevitable trend for the world packaging industry to adapt to environmental protection trends. Therefore, we must vigorously implement the green packaging and its design, choose a reasonable structure or shape to reduce the use of packaging materials, avoid the random disposal of packaging, marking the packaging material composition and recycling signs, and taking into account the packaging after recycling and recycling Recycling, ultimately achieving green packaging that is technologically advanced and economical and environmentally friendly.
Author: Yinfeng Fu Yu Zi Da, Liu Zhenyu Haier Group R & D Center
Source: Packaging and Food Machinery
Green Packaging and Design (2)
3.2. Save material by designing a reasonable package shape.